This study aims using remotely sensed data to calculate the area of agricultural land for each country within specific international river basins over space and time, and empirically investigates the impact of agriculture on conflict over international rivers from 2001 to 2007. Water is an essential resource for human existence and is used to fuel all facets of human life. Neo-Malthusians thus argue that inequal access to scarce and critical resources such as water will stoke grievances among disenfranchised water users, which in turn triggers conflicts over them. Irrigation for agriculture makes the most demands on freshwater supplies, far more than industries’ water use and individuals’ water consumption. For a country heavily dependent on international water river for its agricultural irrigation, the danger of having its water supply severely constrained by the other country along the same river may seem highly threatening. Unfortunately, due to lack of data on agriculture land for each country in specific international river basins, there are no directly convincing evidence for neo-Malthusian view of water conflict regarding on the impact of agriculture. This study aims to fill this gap by using remotely sensed data, and empirically examines the impact of agriculture on conflict over international rivers from 2001-2007. We will calculate the area of agricultural land for each country within specific international river basins based on Modis Land Cover Data (500m). The data on water conflict will be from the International Water Cooperation and Conflict Database, which records water events from 2001 to 2007.