Recent theoretical conceptualizations have emphasized representation beyond formal, electoral, and dyadic relations. Central among those is Jane Mansbridge’s surrogate representation, by “a representative with whom one has no electoral relationship – that is, a representative in another district”. This type of representation draws exceeding empirical attention and is of critical importance for democracy, as it may provide representation to citizens who may not be (or feel) represented by their elected representative. However, this concept relies heavily on the territorial aspect of single-member district (SMD) electoral systems and, consequently, little is known about surrogate representation in proportional representation (PR) systems. What does it mean to have surrogate representation in PR systems? How does it differ from surrogate representation in SMD systems? This paper proposes a theoretical framework of surrogate representation beyond SMD systems and utilizes CSES data to study this framework. We examine citizens' appraisals of representation by parties and party leaders/presidential candidates with whom they do not have electoral relationship, gauging cross-national differences in citizens' surrogate representation, and whether surrogate representation varies across majoritarian and proportional electoral systems (as well as other system-level variables).