Framing Effects in the Wild: How the News Media Shapes Public Opinion by Defining Political Issues
P11-2
Presented by: Nicolai Berk
Scholars heavily debate the importance of the news media for opinion formation. Despite a large body of research, important open questions remain: First, existing evidence is mostly uninformative about the everyday influence of newspaper content on public opinion, focusing on the rare case of exposure to different outlets. Second, it was so far not addressed how predispositions shape individual responses to news content in the real world. I address both issues exploiting a rare shift in the migration coverage of the major German tabloid newspaper Bild. I combine panel data from over 15,000 individuals with content analysis of 2.5 million newspaper articles using BERT models. The results show that a moderate increase in the emphasis of crime in migration coverage substantially affects immigration attitudes, but only among individuals who do not already associate immigration with crime. These findings show that media outlets hold substantial power to shape public opinion in contemporary democracies and bring to attention the importance of predispositions in shaping individual reactions to news content.