Did the fascist experience in Italy affect political violence during the first years of the democratic republic? And can the local experience of the Fascist regime explain variation of violent events during the so-called Years of Lead (1969-1988) within Italy? Violent and dictatorial regimes could have long-lasting effects on the politics and repertoires of conflict in country. Even after several years of their collapse, however, we still need to understand how these legacies can affect patterns of political violence. We have created an original dataset that covers the violent political events at subnational level in Italy between 1969 and 1988. In our preliminary analyses of Italian provinces using count model regressions, we find that the membership of the fascist party in 1921 – hence before the institutionalization of the fascist regime - predicts the provincial number of political violence events more than forty years later. And especially neofascist violence during the Years of Lead.