¹ BU Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands, ² Insectsense BV, Plus Ultra-II Building, Bronland 10, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, S. Korea

¹ Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, ² Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy, ³ Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy, ⁴ Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

¹ Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ² Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Austria, ³ Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany, ⁴ Symrise AG, Holzminden, Germany, ⁵ Chair for Nutritional Systems Biology, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany

¹ Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany, ² Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfAED), TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany, ³ Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany, ⁴ Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany

IRSEA - Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology, Quartier Salignan, Apt, Fance

¹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, ² Chair of Health Psychology, Departement of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nägelsbachstrasse 49a, 91052 Erlangen, Germany , ³ Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, ⁴ Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV), Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany, ⁵ Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Carl-Thiersch-Strasse 2b, 91052 Erlangen, Germany

¹ Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, ² Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua

¹ Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy, ² Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, ³ Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan

NYU School of Medicine

¹ Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany, ² Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China

¹ Chair of Aroma- and Smell Research, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, ² Department of Behavioural Ecology, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany, ³ Department of Sensory Analytics and Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany

¹ Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada, ² Cognition, Neurosciences, Affect et Comportement (CogNAC) Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, ³ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, ⁴ Carleton College, Northfield, MN, United States.

¹ Department of Physics, University of Trento, ² Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, ³ Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, ⁴ Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, ⁵ School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex

¹ Sensory Circuits and Neurotechnology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK, ² Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK, ³ These authors contributed equally

¹ The Inner Ear and Olfaction Lab, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;, ² 2Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Service of ORL and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, ³ Bioimaging core facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

¹ TU Dresden, Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, House 5, Basement, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany, ² TU Dresden, Neurosurgery of University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany, ³ Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS – INSERM – University Claude Bernard of Lyon, CH Le Vinatier - Bâtiment 462 - Neurocampus, 95 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, Lyon, France

Institute of Chemistry in Nice, Universite Cote d'Azur, France

Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY , UK

¹ Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB2 3DY Cambridge, United Kingdom, ² Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom

¹ Biocomputation Group, University of Hertfordshire, UK, ² CogniGron, University of Groningen, NE, ³ TU Dresden, DE

Monell Chemical Senses Center

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA

¹ Biocomputation group, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK, ² Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA

¹ Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois Rivières., ² Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal., ³ Research Center of the Hôpital du Sacré Coeur de Montréal., ⁴ Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois Rivières.

¹ Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS/INSERM/Lyon 1 University, Bron, FRANCE, ² Center for Tase and Feeding Behaviour, INRAE/CNRS/Institut Agro Dijon/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, FRANCE

Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, The Netherlands

¹ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, ² Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Eating Disorder Innovations, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, ³ Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, ⁴ Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

¹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, ² Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Strasse 35, 85354 Freising, Germany

¹ Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Nice, France, ² Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Nice, France

¹ The Smell & Taste Lab (Suisse), ² CRNL Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (France)

¹ epartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany, ² Department of Psychology, Friedrich- Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, German

¹ Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, ² Smell and Taste Clinic, TU Dresden

¹ Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, ² Smell and Taste Clinic, TU Dresden

¹ Research Group Olfactory Coding, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena Germany, ² Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany, ³ Max Planck Center next Generation Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany

¹ National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, ² Kobe University, Faculty of Agriculture, ³ Nara Women's University, KYOUSEI Science Center for Life and Nature, ⁴ Kobe University Creative Dojo, ⁵ Hamamatsu Medical University Institute for NanoSuit Research, ⁶ Hamamatsu Medical University

Department of medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

¹ Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel, ² Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel

Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany

¹ Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, ² Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

¹ Computational Systems Neuroscience, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Germany, ² Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Department of Genetics, Magdeburg, Germany

¹ King's College London, ² Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany

¹ Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany, ² Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA

Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK

Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany

University of Geneva

¹ Neurobiology Sector, SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy, ² Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.

¹ Neuroscience Area, SISSA, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste, Italy, ² Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy, ³ Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy

¹ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, ² Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro

¹ Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany, ² Institute for Advanced Simulations (IAS)-5/Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM)-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany, ³ Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany

¹ Research Group Olfactory Coding, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena Germany, ² Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena Germany

¹ Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, ² NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health

Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

¹ Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France, ² UMR A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques (PAM), L’Institut Agro Dijon, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France, ³ Institut MICALIS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Univ. Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France, ⁴ INRAE, URTAL, F-39801 Poligny, France

¹ UMR A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques (PAM), AgroSup Dijon, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France, ² Plateforme de Transfert en Biologie Cancérologique, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center – UNICANCER, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, F-21000 Dijon, France, ³ UMR INSERM 1231, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France, ⁴ MetaGenoPolis, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France, ⁵ Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France, ⁶ PROBE research infrastructure, Chemosens facility, F-21000 Dijon, France

¹ Graduate school of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan, ² Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan, ³ Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan, ⁴ NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Japan, ⁵ Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan

Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet

¹ Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria, ² Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, ³ Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria, ⁴ Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany