Functional gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are the most common diagnoses in gastroenterology. Such disorders, like irritable bowel syndrome or functional dyspepsia, are recognized by altered GI sensitivity, GI motility, and behavior. Though the pathophysiology is complex, a conserved feature is the bidirectional alteration in brain-gut signaling. Thus, these are classified as disorders of brain-gut interaction. While the vagus nerve is the main brain-gut link, almost nothing is known about how the vagus nerve modulates GI epithelial sensory function. In the gut, luminal stimuli are sensed by enteroendocrine cells. Besides their endocrine function, we found that these cells also form glutamatergic synapses with vagal neurons to transduce sugar stimuli to the brain in milliseconds. These innervated enteroendocrine cells are referred to as neuropod cells. Upstream of this circuit, we found vagal neurons innervating the intestine that project to areas controlling motivation and reward. These findings revealed a possible efferent (brain-to-gut) neural circuit through which the brain could modulate gut sensory processing.