Gustav Theodor Fechner (1801-1887), the founder of psychophysics, is also known as the father of empirical aesthetics. He pioneered the collection of empirical data to answer aesthetic questions. His most notable survey was conducted during an art exhibition in Dresden, Germany, in 1871. The primary aim of the exhibition was to determine which of two famous paintings, both depicting the Madonna of Mayor Meyer, can be attributed to Hans Holbein the Younger (1497 - 1543). Fechner's data collection focused solely on the aesthetic preference between the two paintings. In this talk, I will describe the circumstances that sparked Fechner's interest in the Holbein controversy and his motivation for collecting preference data on this occasion. Both from today's perspective and from Fechner's viewpoint, the data collection and its results were disappointing. What would the results be today? To answer this question, I conducted a study that was comparable to Fechner's but using modern methods. The results are partly similar to his, but also offer new insights.