During a musical aesthetic experience, the auditory-motor, emotional and evaluative responses are elicited in the brain. These responses have been deterministically related to music- and person-specific features in several studies focusing on Western music. Much less is known on how music- and person-specific features determine brain responses to a non-Western musical aesthetic experience. In a first electroencephalography (EEG) study, by using Chinese or German melodies, we investigated auditory responses in the brain to Chinese traditional music to answer the question whether the neural responses to melody tones are affected by acculturation and cultural distance. In a second behavioral study, we looked into the impact of cultures and implicit attitudes on motor music-related responses by measuring synchrony during tapping of Chinese-Chinese or Danish-Danish participants as compared with mixed pairs. In a third EEG study, we focused on emotional and evaluative responses in the brain to naturalistic traditional Chinese music. The results highlight the complexity of the aesthetic musical experience when considering also the cultural dimension.