In action control research it is assumed that actions and surrounding features have to be temporarily bound together to form action plans. Subsequent repetition of any bound feature can trigger retrieval of previously formed bindings, leading to performance costs for partial repetitions, measured in so-called binding effects. Notably, although generally robust, previous research has shown that binding effects are often reduced or completely absent in easy or overlearned tasks. In a previous distractor-response binding study (Geissler et al. 2024), we employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy and could show that this reduction in binding effects is correlated to task-related processing in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. That is, stronger task-related processing went along with larger binding effects. However, due to temporal limitations in the distractor-response binding paradigm, we could not further pinpoint whether increases in prime- or probe-related processing led to stronger binding effects. In a previous functional near-infrared response-response binding study (Geissler et al. 2021), we could show neural binding effects specifically in probe-related dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation. In the current study, we measured neural activity with functional near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalogram during a response-response binding paradigm with an easy target response mapping and a response-response binding paradigm with a difficult target response mapping. We expect binding effects and prefrontal activation to increase with task difficulty. Further, due to the greater temporal stability of response-response bindings, we can distinguish between prime- and probe-related prefrontal activity and thus will be able to more clearly pinpoint how prefrontal processing might lead to binding effects.