Afghan refugees are the largest group of refugees in Germany behind Syrians. Since the Taliban takeover in 2021, the number of people seeking refuge continues to rise. Several studies, particularly on Syrian refugees, have already shown that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorders are particularly common. Generally, health factors are relevant both at the individual level and in perspective at the national level, as they are partly responsible for personal well-being and successful integration. However, the number of published studies on mental health of Afghan refugees is still relatively low, and there is still no comprehensive survey regarding the mental health of arriving refugees in Germany. This study aimed to examine the health of male Afghan refugees who fled to Germany between 2015 and 2023. To this end, the PROTECT (Process of Recognition and Orientation of Torture victims in European Countries to facilitate Care and Treatment) questionnaire, as well as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-D (PHQ-D) and Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0) were employed. In addition, we decided to prescreen for PTSD using the PROTECT questionnaire in order to avoid placing additional stress on our sample of refugees and, if necessary, to ensure a better support. Our study aims to gain further insight into the mental health status of male Afghan refugees. Our data will underline the importance of nationwide prescreening of arriving refugees.