The impacts caused by the concept of emerging infectious diseases (science) and the entry of new actors and alliances at the core of World Health Organization strategic coordination (power) - which culminated in the revision of the International Health Regulations (normatives) - brought new challenges to the security system of global health in the face of threats that spread beyond the borders of nation-states. Global health security implies a break with the traditional devices by enhancing the role of agencies and transnational actors, but the surveillance system (recording and reporting of diseases) is dependent on the specific interests of national (and local) spheres.
In this paper we analyze the socio-political factors for the weaknesses of the institutional process of registering diseases at the local level; the applicability of the governmental recommendations (or campaigns) of prevention and the social groups to which they are directed, through two case studies: the Zika virus epidemic (especially due to the social consequences related to the zika virus congenital syndrome) and the outbreaks of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.