Taste-based Discrimination against Sexual Minorities: Evidence from an Information Provision Experiment
Understanding the underlying drivers of discriminatory behavior is important for finding the best strategy to combat it. In this paper, we first document the prevalence of discrimination against individuals with same-sex partners in Russia: male, religious, married, conservative and older participants discriminate more than other subgroups. Next, we explore one potential way of attenuating sexual-orientation discrimination by focusing on people's beliefs about the origins of homosexuality. To measure discriminatory behavior, we use money allocation tasks. We exogenously manipulate participants' beliefs about the origins of sexual orientation by integrating randomized provision of research evidence that supports biological causes of homosexuality. This allows us to causally identify the impact of information on discriminatory behavior. Our results suggest that exposure to research evidence about biological causes of homosexuality negatively affects discriminatory behavior. Participants in the treatment group allocate less money to profiles with same-sex partners, relative to participants in the baseline group. Possible explanations might be that: (i) receiving a belief-inconsistent information creates cognitive discomfort, causes irritation and exacerbates discrimination; (ii) information induces beliefs that individuals with same-sex partners are dissimilar from "us", even biologically, and thus increases social distance between participants and those sexual minority groups fostering discrimination further.