Development of microparticles from biopolymer obtained from potato, carrot and chayote peel waste to be used in cosmetic formulations
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Presented by: Nicole Natale Freitas
Introduction: Micro and nanoparticulated systems have been widely used for a range of applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic areas for their efficacy and ability to protect active ingredient against degradation. Different types of materials are used in microparticles production such as vegetal compounds due to of its availability in nature, biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. An example of these materials is the starch. This compound is a biopolymer classified as polysaccharide constituted by amylose and amylopectin. Then, starch can to product a viscous dispersion when exposed in heat water and to be used as carrier to actives compounds. In addiction starch is widely present in nature and in discarded vegetal peels such as potato, carrot and chayote in which can be used as material to production of microparticles loading actives used in cosmetics. Purpose:To develop microparticles from biopolymer obtained from potato, carrot and chayote peel waste to be used as carrier of actives in cosmetic formulations and production of emulsion containing starch from peels waste as thickener. Methods:To obtain starch, 787g of potato, 400g of carrot and 337g of chayote discarded peels by faculty canteen were donated, washed in current water, dried at ambient temperature (27 ± 3°C) and subjected to extraction system. Peels separately were immersed in aqueous solution of sodium metabisulfite (0.2%; w:v) for 24 hours at ambient temperature. After this period, peels were strained and crushed in mixer. The material obtained was filtrate and starch was separated by decantation and dried in stove at 50 ± 2°C for 24 hours. Microparticles were produced using 0.1g of power starch (mixture of three vegetal species; 1:1:1) in 10ml of pure water at 80 ± 1°C under magnetic agitation until total gelatinization. The mixture was subjected at agitation again with ethanolic solution (1:2; v:v) for more 4 hours. Precipitate obtained was centrifugated at 3000rpm for 15 minutes and freeze dried for 48 hours. Microparticles solution were stored at 5 ± 2°Cand their physical and chemical characteristics were evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) assays. One O/W emulsion was also developed using starch obtained from peels as hydrophilic thickener and rheology modifier. Results: Power starch obtained from potato, carrot and chayote waste peels presented white, orange and green colors, respectively, and yield of 3.23%, 0.62% and 1.17%. Microparticles were produced and presented lightly orange color due to beta-carotene presence from carrot. Microparticles were produced and presented peak recorded in the 3660–3300 cm-1range attributed to hydrogen-bonded O-H (-OH group of glycoside unit) stretching vibration. This data was found in spectrum of all vegetal species. Peaks for C-O stretching vibration were found at around 1000 cm-1(axials deformation for C-O-C systems and C-O ligations in alcohol) in all peels samples and in microparticles sample, however, in more concentration in potato sample. Peak for C=O bending vibration at 1622 cm-1were also found in microparticles and specially in carrot and chayote peels samples. These results are similar to those found in literature. In addiction microparticles exhibited zeta potential value of - 27.96 ± 1.0 mV, the mean particle size of 4494.37nm, PDI index of 0.2 and spherical shape by SEM analysis. One O/W emulsion was developed and presented lightly orange color due to beta-carotene presence from carrot and desirable characteristics for cosmetic for topical use including the viscosity increase, physical-chemical stability and spreadability. Conclusion: Starch was obtained from vegetal peels waste, produced microparticles and increased the viscosity of formulation. Then, the peels waste present capacity to be used as material to develop micro or nanoparticles and as thickeners in cosmetics formulation using waste produced in canteens and restaurants contributing to dispose of waste and reduction of environmental impact.