Platelets playing a relevant role in thrombosis and haemostasis. Thrombus formation in the arterial or venous circulation can causes serious cardiovascular diseases which can lead to death.1 Piper retrofractum has been used widely as traditional medicine to treat various diseases. These plants also have some compounds, such as piperlongumine and piperine that are proven in vitro studies to reduce platelet aggregation which have important role in the pathogenesis of acute thrombosis.2 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract from P. retrofractum to prevent thrombosis formation in male mice. Male DDY (Deutschland, Denken, and Yoken) mice (weight 20-30 g) were given pretreatment orally for seven days divided into groups consisted of CMC (vehicle control), aspirin and dose 1, 2 and 3 as samples group of extract. The experiments used two parameters, bleeding time and survival rate. Bleeding time was observed on amputated mice tail and survival rate was observed by the calculation of dead or paralyzed mice after trombosis induction by collagen – epinephrine. P. retrofractum can prolonged the bleeding time and the results was statistically different (P<0.05). P. retrofractum extract dose 1, 2, and 3 can prolonged the bleeding time to 14.41 ± 2.36; 17.43; 17.70 ± 2.10; ± 2.54 and increased the survival rate to 40%;60%;80%. Respectively. The effectiveness showed dose dependent manner with dosage of 11.76 mg /20 g (dose 3) gave the highest prolongation of bleeding time and highest survival rate.
From this research can be concluded the extract of P. retrofractum has a potential activity as antithrombotic agent with dose dependent manner.
Keywords: antithrombotic agent, Piper retrofractum, bleeding time, survival rate
References:
1.Rajendran P, Rengarajan T, Thangavel J, Nishigaki Y. The Vascular Endothelium and Human Diseases. Int J Biol Sci. 2013;9(10):1057–106.
2.Park BS, Son DJ, Park YH, Kim TW, Lee SE. Antiplatelet effects of acidamides isolated from the fruits of Piper longum L. Phytomedicine. 2007;14(12):853–5.