A central feature of democratic governance is that government policies should represent the expressed will of the people. Prior research shows that electoral participation is crucial to realizing such congruence, at least in terms of a left-right policy ideological dimension. We expand the theoretical and empirical lens of inquiry to address two important challenges. First, in an era in which voting and institutionalized participation have stagnated or declined, we conduct a broader investigation that includes both electoral and non-electoral participation. Second, in recognition of the increased salience of policy dimensions beyond the left-right policy axis, we investigate citizen-government congruence for multiple policy dimensions. The study builds on recent research by Stecker and Tausendpfund (2016) to integrate data on citizens’ policy preferences and political behavior from the European Social Survey (2008 & 2012) with the 2010 Chapel Hill Expert Survey’s data on European party positions (e.g., European integration, redistribution, social lifestyle, immigration, environment). Preliminary findings indicate that both electoral and non-electoral participation enhance congruence for several policy issues, thereby opening new lines of inquiry for the study of citizen-government congruence